The Science History Institute will be closed for Christmas on Wednesday, December 24 and Thursday, December 25.

Distillations magazine

Unexpected Stories from Science’s Past

Red the World Over

How a tiny cactus parasite called cochineal became one of the Spanish Empire’s most lucrative commodities.

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Distillations articles reveal science’s powerful influence on our lives, past and present.

Inventions & Discoveries

Patterning the World: The Rise of Chemically Amplified Photoresists

The rise of the digital age depended on integrated circuits made with new materials and techniques that could both increase performance and drive down cost.

Inventions & Discoveries

Mendeleev’s Legacy: The Periodic System

Mendeleev’s greatest achievement was not the periodic table so much as the recognition of the periodic system on which it was based.